DTN Overview
Most of the work required is being done at these links.
DTN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay_Tolerant_Networking
IETF DTN working group papers.
http://www.dtnrg.org/wiki/Docs
Routing in DTN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing_in_delay_tolerant_networking
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-dtnrg-prophet-01
Ideally fully scalable routing should be completely dynamic. In practice protocols like propher will need to be pre-loaded with slowly changing (semi-static) topology information reflecting local postal/courier routes and schedules, delivery and collection points and contact opportunities via off peak use of cell phone and VSAT networks etc etc.
Systems administration for tens of thousands of disconnected XOs only accessible by offline (postal courier) physical media updates is "non-trivial".
Although designed for online administration, the approach taken in Puppet may be relevant.
ICT4D DTN
http://dsh.cs.washington.edu/info/papers.html
http://tier.cs.berkeley.edu/wiki/Publications
http://www.snc.sapmi.net/documentation.html
http://www.snc.sapmi.net/references.html
Email Architecture
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-crocker-email-arch-11
http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.402-199906-I/en
Directory Architecture
http://sec.cs.kent.ac.uk/x500book/
Previous DTN
Net News (Usenet)
http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/inn/
Couriers with USB flash drives.

